Urine is a transparent solution that can range from colorless to amber but is usually a pale yellow. Urine is an aqueous solution of approximately 95% water, with the remaining percentages being metabolic wastes such as urea, dissolved salts, and organic compounds. Fluid and materials being filtered by the kidneys, destined to become urine, come from the blood or interstitial fluid. Except in cases of kidney or urinary tract infection (UTI), urine is virtually sterile and nearly odorless. Subsequent to elimination from the body, urine can acquire strong odors due to bacterial action. Most noticeably, the asphyxiating ammonia is produced by breakdown of urea. Some diseases alter the quantity and consistency of the urine, such as sugar as a consequence of diabetes.
Composition
Urine October 29, 2009
Urine October 29, 2009
Urine is a transparent solution that can range from colorless to amber but is usually a pale yellow. Urine is an aqueous solution of approximately 95% water, with the remaining percentages being metabolic wastes such as urea, dissolved salts, and organic compounds. Fluid and materials being filtered by the kidneys, destined to become urine, come from the blood or interstitial fluid. Except in cases of kidney or urinary tract infection (UTI), urine is virtually sterile and nearly odorless. Subsequent to elimination from the body, urine can acquire strong odors due to bacterial action. Most noticeably, the asphyxiating ammonia is produced by breakdown of urea. Some diseases alter the quantity and consistency of the urine, such as sugar as a consequence of diabetes.
Composition
Hormones October 29, 2009
Endocrine system: hormones (Peptide hormones · Steroid hormones) Ovary: estradiol · progesterone · activin and inhibin · relaxin (pregnancy) Placenta: hCG · HPL · estrogen · progesterone Adipose tissue: leptin · adiponectin · resistin Kidney: JGA (renin) · peritubular cells (EPO) · calcitriol · prostaglandin
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Endocrine
glands
glands
Non-end.
glands
Target-derived
Blood Pressure October 29, 2009
Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels, and is one of the principal vital signs. During each heartbeat, BP varies between a maximum (systolic) and a minimum (diastolic) pressure. The mean BP decreases as the circulating blood moves away from the heart through arteries, has its greatest decrease in the small arteries and arterioles, and continues to decrease as the blood moves through the capillaries and back to the heart through veins.[1] The term blood pressure usually refers to the pressure measured at a person’s upper arm. It is measured on the inside of an elbow at the brachial artery, which is the upper arm’s major blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart. A person’s BP is usually expressed in terms of the systolic pressure and diastolic pressure, for example 115/75.
Pineal Gland October 29, 2009
The pineal gland (also called the pineal body, epiphysis cerebri, epiphysis or the “third eye“) is a small endocrine gland in the vertebrate brain. It produces melatonin, a hormone that affects the modulation of wake/sleep patterns and photoperiodic (seasonal) functions.[1][2] It is shaped like a tiny pine cone (hence its name), and is located near to the center of the brain, between the two hemispheres, tucked in a groove where the two rounded thalamic bodies join.
Pineal gland
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pineal gland
Endocrine system
Diagram of pituitary and pineal glands.
Latin
glandula pinealis
Gray’s
subject #276 1277
Artery
superior cerebellar artery
Precursor
Neural Ectoderm, Roof of Diencephalon
MeSH
Pineal+gland
