Works by Amartya Sen November 15, 2009

• The Idea of Justice London: Allen Lane, July 2009.
• Identity and Violence: The Illusion of Destiny (Issues of Our Time), New York, W. W. Norton, 2006.
• The Argumentative Indian, 2005.
• Rationality and Freedom, 2004.
• Inequality Reexamined, 2004.
• Development as Freedom, 1999.
• Freedom, Rationality, and Social Choice: The Arrow Lectures and Other essays, 2000.
• Reason Before Identity, 1999.
• Choice of Techniques, 1960.
• Collective Choice and Social Welfare, 1970, Holden-Day, 1984, Elsevier
• On Economic Inequality, 1973.
• Poverty and Famines: an Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation, 1981.
• Hunger and Public Action, jointly edited with Jean Drèze, 1989
• India: Economic Development and Social Opportunity, with Jean Drèze, 1995.
• Commodities and Capabilities, 1999.
• Sen, Amartya, On Economic Inequality, New York, Norton, 1973. (Expanded edition with a substantial annexe by James E. Foster and A. Sen, 1997).
• Sen, Amartya, Poverty and Famines : An Essay on Entitlements and Deprivation, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1982.
• Sen, Amartya, Choice, Welfare and Measurement, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1982.
• Sen, Amartya, Food Economics and Entitlements, Helsinki, Wider Working Paper 1, 1986.
• Sen, Amartya, On Ethics and Economics, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1987.
• Drèze, Jean and Sen, Amartya, Hunger and Public Action. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1989.
• Sen, Amartya, “More Than 100 Million Women Are Missing”. New York Review of Books, 1990. ([2])
• Sen, Amartya, Inequality Reexamined, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1992.
• Nussbaum, Martha, and Sen, Amartya. The Quality of Life. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993.
• Sen, Amartya, Reason Before Identity (The Romanes Lecture for 1998), Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-19-951389-9
• Sen, Amartya, Development as Freedom, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1999. (Review by the Asia Times)
• Sen, Amartya, Rationality and Freedom, Harvard, Harvard Belknap Press, 2002.
• Sen, Amartya, The Argumentative Indian, London: Allen Lane, 2005. (Review by the Guardian, Review by the Washington Post)
• Sen, Amartya, An Aspect of Indian Agriculture, Economic Weekly, Vol. 14, 1962.

November 14, 2009

National Human Rights Commission of India

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The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India is an autonomous statutory body established on October 12, 1993 ^[1], under the provisions of The Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 ^[2] (TPHRA). The Commission is in conformity with the Paris Principles – a broad set of principles agreed upon by a number of nations for the promotion and protection of human rights, in Paris in October 1991.

TPHRA mandates the NHRC to perform the following functions:[edit]Functions

• proactively or reactively inquire into violations of human rights or negligence in the prevention of such violation by a public servant

• intervene in any proceeding involving any allegation of violation of human rights pending before a court

• visit any jail or other institution under the control of the State Government, where persons are detained or lodged for purposes of treatment, reformation or protection, for the study of the living conditions of the inmates and make recommendations

• review the safeguards provided by or under the Constitution or any law for the time being in force for the protection of human rights and recommend measures for their effective implementation

• review the factors, including acts of terrorism that inhibit the enjoyment of human rights and recommend appropriate remedial measures

• study treaties and other international instruments on human rights and make recommendations for their effective implementation

• undertake and promote research in the field of human rights

• spread literacy among various sections of society and promote awareness of the safeguards available for the protection of these rights through publications, the media, seminars and other available means

• encourage the efforts of NGOs and institutions working in the field of human rights

[edit]Composition and Appointment

Sections 3 and 4 of TPHRA lay down the rules for appointment to The NHRC. The Chairperson and members of the NHRC are appointed by the President of India, on the recommendation of a committee comprising of

• The Prime Minister: Chairperson
• The Speaker of the House of the People: Member
• The Minister-in-charge of the Ministry of Home Affairs in the Government of India: Member
• The Leader of the Opposition in the House of the People: Member
• The Leader of the Opposition in the Council of States: Member
• The Deputy Chairman of the Council of States: Member

The NHRC consists of:

• A Chairperson who has been a Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India
• One Member who is, or has been, a Judge of the Supreme Court of India
• One Member who is, or has been, the Chief Justice of a High Court
• Two Members to be appointed from among persons having knowledge of, or practical experience in, matters relating to human rights

The Current Composition of Members:

• Hon’ble Justice Shri Govind Prasad Mathur: Chairperson
• Hon’ble Justice Shri S. Rajendra Babu: Member
• Hon’ble Sri Justice Y. Bhaskar Rao: Member
• Shri R.S. Kalha: Member
• Shri P.C.Sharma: Member
• Shri Mohammad Shafi Qureshi (National Commission for Minorities): Chairperson,Ex-officio Member
• Dr.Girija Vyas (National Commission for Women) : Chairperson,Ex-officio Member

Controversy

A report concerning the manner in which the Shivani murder controversy case was rejected, a case which involved high ranking officials being implicated in the murder of a journalist, opened the organisation up to questioning over the usefulness of human rights commissions setup by the government at the national and state levels

India’s research Stations ( Arctic and Antartic) September 2, 2009

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The chapter of the Indian Antarctic Programme opened in December 1981 when the first Indian Expedition was flagged off for Antarctica from Goa. It was led by S.Z. Quasim. Subsequently, annual Antarctic expeditions have been sent through the Department of Ocean Development and the National Centre for Antarctic & Ocean Research. So far, twenty-one such expeditions have been launched, including one to the Weddell Sea; one of these was a krill expedition to the Southern Ocean.

By virtue of India’s sustained interest and demonstrative capabilities in the domain of polar science, the country has achieved the following milestones:

19 August 1983: India was admitted to the Antarctic Treaty and soon thereafter obtained Consultative Status.

1983: The permanent station Dakshin Gangotri was built, where the first Wintering was conducted.

1 October 1984: India was admitted as a member of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR).

1986: India became a member of Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR).

1988-1989: India built its second indigenous station ‘Maitri’.

1997: India ratified the Environment Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty, thus upholding its commitment to preserve the pristine continent.

2005: India completed its first 25 years in Antarctica and launched an expedition in Dec 2005 called the Silver Jubilee Indian Antarctic Expedition.

2008: Indian Arctic Research Station Himadri to Study Climate Change

1. Dakshin Gangotri
It was India‘s first scientific manned station in Antarctica. The name is derived from the Gangotri Glacier which acts as the source for the river Ganges. ‘Dakshin‘ is a Sanskrit word meaning ‘south’.
This permanent Antarctic station was established during the third Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica in 1983-1984. This site was recced by members of the Second Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica in 1982-83. The construction work of the station commenced in end December 1983. The entire building was made of wood except for the outer metal scalding. It was based on a raft foundation to take care of the movement of the shelf-ice on which it was constructed. All the work was completed and the wintering team consisting of 12 members commenced living in the station by end Feb.
The station was in two wings with an interconnecting wing in the form a ‘U’. It had two floors. The ground floor of one wing housed the three kerosine run generators which provided the necessary electrical power supply. The floor above this wing was used for storing the essentials for the coming one year. The other wing had a scientific laboratory, a small operation theatre for minor surgery, and the living room with a kitchenette. Above this was the living accommodation for the twelve inmates as well as an office with all communication facilities. Satellite communication through INMARSAT was the main link with India and the rest of the world. High Frequency communication equipment was the secondary mode of communications. Walkie talkies were used for communication between members with the station area. The entire station was centrally heated, using circulating hot water. The requirement of water was met by means of melting snow. The snow had to be physically shoveled in to the tank for melting. The station was designed with a minimum life span of five years. It had emergency exit doors on the roof to cater for snow accumulation and the eventual burial of the station under snow. Finally Dakshin Gangotri was abandoned in 1991. By then, in 1989, another permanent station, Maitri, was established in “Schirmacher Oasis”.
The wintering team was headed by Col Sharma a scientist. The twelve members of this team were the first Indian members to spend the winter in Antarctica. They spent almost 14 months considering that they had arrived in December 1983 and departed for India in March 1985.
Dakshin Gangotri Glacier is a small tongue of polar continental ice sheet, overriding the Schirmacher Oasis of central Dronning Maud Land (cDML). It was identified by the second Indian Antarctic Expedition in 1983 and since then its snout has been monitored continuously. With the availability of this vast amount of data for the past two decades, it has become a valuable site for observing the changes in the movement of the Antarctic ice sheet under the impact of global warming. The area has primary scientific importance for glaciologists and environmental scientists.

2.Maitri
It is India‘s second permanent research station in Antarctica. It was built and finished in 1989, after the first station Dakshina Gangotri was buried in ice and abandoned in 1990-91[1]. Maitri is situated on the rocky mountainous region called Schirmacher Oasis.

3.Himadri
India inaugurated Arctic Research Station ‘Himadri’ on July 01. India is already having a Research Station in Antarctica since 1982.
Some of the interesting features of Himadri are:

• Indian Union Minister of Science and Technology and Earth Sciences Shri Kapil Sibal inaugurated the Indian research station
• equipped with state of the art facilities for round the year scientific research with special emphasis on climate change
• India joins as the 11th country to have established a full-fledged research station in Arctic in addition to Britain, Germany, France, Italy, China, Japan, South Korea, The Netherlands, Sweden and Norway
• located at Ny–Alesund, Svalbard archipelago and is 1200 kms from the North Pole
• to be managed by the National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research (NCAOR), an autonomous institute under the Ministry of Earth Sciences
  the inaugural function at Ny–Alesund was attended by eminent polar scientists, diplomats and policy makers of various countries
• on this occasion a Memorandum of Understanding on Polar research was also signed between the NCAOR and Norwegian Polar Institute (NPI)

where is ural sea
europe and asia border(Russia)

NCPA August 23, 2009

National Centre for the Performing Arts (India)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Members of the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra rehearse at the Jamshed Bhabha theater, NCPA before their performance

The National Centre for the Performing Arts (NCPA), in Mumbai, India was established with a grant of Rs 4 million from the Sir Dorabji Tata Trust. This was later supplemented by donations from the corporate sector. Registered as a society on June 8, 1966, NCPA has also been established as a public trust, whose principal objective is to serve the cause of the performing and allied arts.

The NCPA is also the home of the Symphony Orchestra of India.

//

Principal aims and objectives

Tata theater foyer

• To establish a national centre for the preservation and promotion of classical, traditional and contemporary performing and visual arts.
• To establish, equip and maintain schools, auditoria, libraries, archives, museums, studios, workshops and other facilities necessary to fulfil the above objectives.
• To disseminate knowledge, promote appreciation, provide training and sponsor or undertake scientific research in these fields with the objective of further development by encouragement of innovation within India and by interaction with the arts of other countries.

The Facilities

The NCPA complex occupies an area of about 32000 m² at Nariman Point, on land reclaimed from the sea.

The three main facilities at the NCPA include the 1109 seater Jamshed Bhabha Theatre, the 1010 seater Tata Theatre and the 300 seater Experimental Theatre.

Other facilities

NCPA Apartments

• The 200 seater Godrej Dance Academy Theatre
• 114 seater Little Theatre
• Piramal Art Gallery
• Jahengir Nicholson Gallery of Modern Art
• Centre for Photography as an Art Form
• The Mohile Parikh Centre for Visual Arts
• The Jindal Arts Creative Interation Centre
• The Morarkha Center for Revival of Crafts
• Theatre Development Centre
• State of the art recording studio
• N M Wadia Library
• Reading and listening libraries
• Studio for archival documentation of dance, drama and music
• Teaching and research block
• Computerised music research laboratory
• Audio-visual archival vault with over 4,000 hours of recording and theatre research material, and a computerised databank for easy retrieval
• The Performing Arts Circle

Membership of the Performing Arts Circle (PAC) is open to students, professionals and lovers of art. NCPA presents 40 to 50 events in its various spaces every month. Nearly half of these are free for members of the PAC. Members of the PAC have free access to the well-equipped reading and listening library of the NCPA.

[edit] The Performances

Throughout the years NCPA hosted many performances including classical, traditional and contemporary performing arts in dance, theater, and music. Notable Indian performers who performed at NCPA include Vilayat Khan, M. S. Subbulakshmi, Birju Maharaj, Kelucharan Mohapatra, Shakuntala, Smita Patil, Parveen Sultana and Shabana Azmi.^[1]

NCPA has also attracted many international performers including Yehudi Menuhin, Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, Navoi Bolshoi Ballet of Uzbekistan^[2], Marcel Marceau, Barber of Seville opera, production of Jane Eyre^[1], and other British Council commissioned theater productions.^[3] In 2006, New Jersey Ballet staged India’s first full-length classical ballet with its Nutcracker production.^[4][5]

MONORAIL August 17, 2009

What is monorail?

A monorail, simply put, is an elevated electric bus that runs on a single beam. The beam that serves as the track is known as “rail” and since there is only one of it, the term “monorail” is used. A monorail therefore refers to the track that supports the transport system or the transport system itself. The vehicle (or the electric bus) runs on the track can be a wheeled-vehicle or a magnetically levitating (maglev) vehicle. In a wheeled-vehicle monorail system, the vehicle is supported by multiple wheels that grip the track from all sides. The word “rail” in “monorail” is a misnomer. A monorail system has nothing to do with the conventional railway system.
A monorail system is faster and cheaper to construct than conventional railways (at-grade or elevated) and is used in congested areas having limited land availability. The monorail is more efficient at negotiating curves and gradients than conventional railways or light transport systems (e.g. trams). The ability of the monorail to handle curves varies inversely with the length of the vehicle.
Typically, a four-coach monorail can carry around 1,000 passengers. The monorail system has a simplistic structure with (elevated) piers at regular intervals that support the (horizontal) beams. Electric power for traction is drawn from the beam with no overhead cabling involved.

hi August 16, 2009

hi everybody

some more books here……………….. August 14, 2009

To cross ur prelims,u must get thorough and every minute knowledge.The NCERT syllabus is so designed that is covers a lot of things till 10th and 10+2.So to aquire more knowledge NCERT books help a lot….
7th to 12th History & Geo….
7th to 10th General Sciences………
11th & 12th Economics & Politics……………

& some magzines…….
1.yojana
2.Wizard
3.Kurukshetra
4.Chronical

the length of alimentary canal in human body is 9 metres

DOORDARSHAN

Are you missing those days? Sometimes I do

Doordarshan

(Hindi: दूरदर्शन; literally Tele-Vision) is the public television broadcaster of India and a division of Prasar Bharati, a public service broadcaster nominated by the Government of India. It is one of the largest broadcasting organizations in the world in terms of the infrastructure of studios and transmitters. Recently, it has also started Digital Terrestrial Transmitters.

Early National Programming

The 80s was the era of Doordarshan with shows like Hum Log (1984), Buniyaad (1986-87) and comedy shows like Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi (1984).
The first ever daily soap Hum Log and later on Buniyaad and Nukkad and mythological dramas like Ramayan (1987-88) and Mahabharat (1989-90) glued millions to Doordarshan and later on Bharat Ek Khoj, The Sword of Tipu Sultan and The Great Maratha.
Hindi film songs based programs like Chitrahaar, Rangoli, Ek Se Badkar Ek, Superhit Muqabla *crime thrillers like Karamchand (starring Pankaj Kapoor), Barrister Roy (starring Kanwaljeet), Byomkesh Bakshi (starring Rajit Kapoor), Reporter (launching Shekhar Suman), Tehkikaat and Janki Jasoos,Suraag (starring Sudesh Berry).
Shows targeted at children include Fairy tale Theatre, Dada Dadi ki Kahaniyan, Vikram Betaal, Sigma, Stone Boy, Malgudi Days, Tenali Rama, Potli Baba Ki, Superhuman Samurai Cyber-Squad, Knight Rider, Street Hawk and a horror serial Kile ka Rahasya (1989).
Other popular shows include Oshin a japanese drama series , Trishna, Mr. Yogi, Neem Ka Ped, Circus, Fauji (launching Shah Rukh Khan), Gul Gulshan Gulfam, Udaan, Rajani, Talaash, Katha Saagar, Nupur, Mirza Ghalib, Wagle ki Duniya, Phulvanti, Sangharsh, Lifeline, Kashish (launching Malvika Tiwari), Srimaan Srimati, Tu tu mein mein, Junoon, Ajnabi (starring Danny Denzongpa), Zabaan Sambhal Ke, Dekh Bhai Dekh, Sansaar, Swabhimaan, Chanakya, Shanti (launching Mandira Bedi), Sea Hawks (starring R. Madhavan), Surabhi, Alif Laila, Meri Awaaz Suno, Captain Vyom, and Chandrakanta.

Doordarshan also telecast English cartoons at 12.00 noon during summer vacations in a programme named “Fun Time” which showed cartoons like Spider-Man (1967 TV series), Giant Robot, Gayab Aaya, Guchhae, He-Man, The Jungle Book, Talespin & Duck Tales also the comic plays of Charlie Chaplin, Laurel & Hardy and Didi’s Comedy Show